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##  10 results 

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### 2025

2025. [Cruelty Campaign: Solitary Confinement in U.S. Immigration Detention](https://phr.org/our-work/resources/cruelty-campaign-solitary-confinement-in-u-s-immigration-detention/)



 

 

2025. [Cruelty Campaign: Solitary Confinement in U.S. Immigration Detention](https://phr.org/our-work/resources/cruelty-campaign-solitary-confinement-in-u-s-immigration-detention/)



 

 

 

 

 



### 2024

Caroline Lee, Natalie Sadlak, Brian Benitez, Anand Chukka, Felicia Caten-Raines, Jiwon Kim, Ennely Medina, Sabrineh Ardalan, Philip L. Torrey, and Katherine Peeler. 2024. ["Endless Nightmare": Torture and Inhuman Treatment in Solitary Confinement in U.S. Immigration Detention](https://phr.org/our-work/resources/endless-nightmare-solitary-confinement-in-us-immigration-detention/). Physicians for Human Rights



 

 

Caroline Lee, Natalie Sadlak, Brian Benitez, Anand Chukka, Felicia Caten-Raines, Jiwon Kim, Ennely Medina, Sabrineh Ardalan, Philip L. Torrey, and Katherine Peeler. 2024. ["Endless Nightmare": Torture and Inhuman Treatment in Solitary Confinement in U.S. Immigration Detention](https://phr.org/our-work/resources/endless-nightmare-solitary-confinement-in-us-immigration-detention/). Physicians for Human Rights



 

 

 

- add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract
- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://phr.org/our-work/resources/endless-nightmare-solitary-confinement-in-us-immigration-detention/)
 
 This report – a joint effort by Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Harvard Law School’s Immigration and Refugee Clinical Program (HIRCP), and researchers at Harvard Medical School (HMS) – provides a detailed overview of how solitary confinement is being... 

 

 

- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://phr.org/our-work/resources/endless-nightmare-solitary-confinement-in-us-immigration-detention/)
 
 

 



### 2023

Caroline H. Lee, Nishant Uppal, Parsa Erfani, Raquel Sofa Sandoval, Kathyrn Hampton, Ranit Mishori, and Katherine Peeler. 2023. “[Individuals’ Experiences in U.S. Immigration Detention During the Early Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Major Challenges and Public Health Implications](https://healthandjusticejournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40352-023-00211-2.pdf)”. Health &amp; Justice, 11, 8



 

 

Caroline H. Lee, Nishant Uppal, Parsa Erfani, Raquel Sofa Sandoval, Kathyrn Hampton, Ranit Mishori, and Katherine Peeler. 2023. “[Individuals’ Experiences in U.S. Immigration Detention During the Early Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Major Challenges and Public Health Implications](https://healthandjusticejournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40352-023-00211-2.pdf)”. Health &amp; Justice, 11, 8



 

 

 

- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://healthandjusticejournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40352-023-00211-2.pdf)
 
- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://healthandjusticejournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40352-023-00211-2.pdf)
 
 

 



### 2022

Nishant Uppal, Elizabeth T. Chin, Parsa Erfani, Raquel Sofia Sandoval, Caroline H. Lee, Ranit Mishori, and Katherine R. Peeler. 2022. “[Trends in Decarceration, COVID-19 Cases, and SARS-CoV-2 Testing in US Immigration Detention Centers From September 2020 to August 2021](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2789087)”. JAMA Network Open



 

 

Nishant Uppal, Elizabeth T. Chin, Parsa Erfani, Raquel Sofia Sandoval, Caroline H. Lee, Ranit Mishori, and Katherine R. Peeler. 2022. “[Trends in Decarceration, COVID-19 Cases, and SARS-CoV-2 Testing in US Immigration Detention Centers From September 2020 to August 2021](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2789087)”. JAMA Network Open



 

 

 

 

Nishant Uppal, Elizabeth Chin, Caroline Lee, Parsa Erfani, and Katherine Peeler. 2022. “[International Medical Graduates and Practice Rates in Underserved Communities in Florida ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35588579/)”. Healthcare, 10, 2



 

 

Nishant Uppal, Elizabeth Chin, Caroline Lee, Parsa Erfani, and Katherine Peeler. 2022. “[International Medical Graduates and Practice Rates in Underserved Communities in Florida ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35588579/)”. Healthcare, 10, 2



 

 

 

 

 



### 2021

Parsa Erfani, Nishant Uppal, Caroline Lee, Ranit Mishori, and Katherine Peeler. 2021. “[COVID-19 Testing and Cases in Immigration Detention Centers, April-August 2020](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2772627)”. JAMA



 

 

Parsa Erfani, Nishant Uppal, Caroline Lee, Ranit Mishori, and Katherine Peeler. 2021. “[COVID-19 Testing and Cases in Immigration Detention Centers, April-August 2020](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2772627)”. JAMA



 

 

 

- add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract
- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2772627)
 
 Individuals detained by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) live in congregate settings and thus have a disproportionately high risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To reduce spread of COVID-19, ICE published its Pandemic...



 

 

- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2772627)
 
 

Parsa Erfani, Elizabeth Chin, Caroline Lee, Nishant Uppal, and Katherine Peeler. 2021. “[Suicide Rates of Migrants in United States Immigration Detention (2010–2020)](/publications/suicide-rates-migrants-united-states-immigration-detention-2010)”. AIMS Public Health, 8, 3, Pp. 416-20



 

 

Parsa Erfani, Elizabeth Chin, Caroline Lee, Nishant Uppal, and Katherine Peeler. 2021. “[Suicide Rates of Migrants in United States Immigration Detention (2010–2020)](/publications/suicide-rates-migrants-united-states-immigration-detention-2010)”. AIMS Public Health, 8, 3, Pp. 416-20



 

 

 

- add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract
- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/publichealth.2021031)
 
 We determined the annual suicide rate of migrants detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in the past decade. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the annual suicide rates for ICE detainees from federal fiscal years (FY)...



 

 

- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/publichealth.2021031)
 
 

Katherine Peeler, Parsa Erfani, Caroline Lee, Nishant Uppal, Kathryn Hampton, Ranit Mishori, and Elsa Raker. 2021. [Praying for Hand Soap and Masks: Health and Human Rights Violations in U.S. Immigration Detention During the COVID-19 Pandemic](https://phr.org/our-work/resources/praying-for-hand-soap-and-masks/). Physicians for Human Rights



 

 

Katherine Peeler, Parsa Erfani, Caroline Lee, Nishant Uppal, Kathryn Hampton, Ranit Mishori, and Elsa Raker. 2021. [Praying for Hand Soap and Masks: Health and Human Rights Violations in U.S. Immigration Detention During the COVID-19 Pandemic](https://phr.org/our-work/resources/praying-for-hand-soap-and-masks/). Physicians for Human Rights



 

 

 

- add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract
- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://phr.org/our-work/resources/praying-for-hand-soap-and-masks/)
 
 Physical and psychological abuse and inadequate medical care have long been documented in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facilities, where previous infectious disease outbreaks were poorly contained. In 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic...



 

 

- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://phr.org/our-work/resources/praying-for-hand-soap-and-masks/)
 
 

Nishant Uppal, Raquel Sofia Sandoval, Parsa Erfani, Ranit Mishori, and Katherine Peeler. 2021. “[Alternatives to Detention: Immigration Reform Grounded in Public Health \[editorial\]](https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306399)”. American Journal of Public Health, 111, 8, Pp. 1395-97



 

 

Nishant Uppal, Raquel Sofia Sandoval, Parsa Erfani, Ranit Mishori, and Katherine Peeler. 2021. “[Alternatives to Detention: Immigration Reform Grounded in Public Health \[editorial\]](https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306399)”. American Journal of Public Health, 111, 8, Pp. 1395-97



 

 

 

- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306399)
 
- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306399)
 
 

 



### 2020

Parsa Erfani, Caroline Lee, Nishant Uppal, and Katherine Peeler. 2020. “[A Systematic Approach To Mitigate The Spread Of COVID-19 In Immigration Detention Facilities ](https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200616.357449/full/)”



 

 

Parsa Erfani, Caroline Lee, Nishant Uppal, and Katherine Peeler. 2020. “[A Systematic Approach To Mitigate The Spread Of COVID-19 In Immigration Detention Facilities ](https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200616.357449/full/)”



 

 

 

- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200616.357449/full/)
 
- [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200616.357449/full/)